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DataBank. The Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test was used to check for maximum order of integration of the variables used in the study and the result was one while . Public Health Expenditure and Health Outcome in Nigeria ... Healthcare provision in Nigeria is a concurrent responsibility of the three tiers of government in the country. The investigation results indicate a negative non-interdependent between government health expenditure and economic development of the country and thereby suggests that focusing on the link between these two is pointless. Based on the foregoing, many developed countries of the world prioritizes the issue of health and devote huge budgetary allocation to the health sector, but in Nigeria, healthcare financing is low (even when compared to other African countries) and the expenditure on health has failed to translate into better health status for the citizens. The study investigates the effect of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria, as captured by life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rates. Domestic general government health expenditure per capita (current US$) Domestic private health expenditure (% of current health expenditure) External health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $) Download. Oluwatobi and Ogunrinola (2011) examined the relationship between human capital development efforts of the Government and economic growth in Nigeria. This study examined the relationship among health expenditure, health outcomes and economic growth in Nigeria for the period between 1981 and 2017. Health spending indicators are key guides for monitoring resource, provision of transparency and supporting the accountability of health fynansing systems. It presents some stylised facts about the Nigerian health system and its financing options. This paper attempts to examine the relationship and implications of servicing Nigeria's external debt and the resources devoted to the health sector. 2014, 2(4), 175-180 This publication was made possible by the generous support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under contract number of Nigeria's food security. On average the value s . Health spending is transitioning globally, with a rapid increase in domestic spending, both out-of-pocket and publicly funded • Two years into the Sustainable Development Goals era, global spending on health continues to rise. in Nigeria are 0.6 9 billion, 0.15 billion, and 0.38 billion respec tively. The history of health and education expenditure can be traced to 1960 when the federal government of Nigeria allocate huge amount of money to the sectors. Coverage Objectives of the Survey This research explores the association of public health expenditure with economic performance across the United States. PROPOSED 2021 HEALTH BUDGET. The detailed information provided in the survey was used to classify households as not having or having catastrophic health expenditure using the methodology . I extracted useful data from the NGHPS to address this pertinent question. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN NIGERIA HEALTHCARE FINANCING Health expenditure: per capita (current US$) total (% of GDP) public (% of government expenditure) public (% of total health expenditure) External resources for health (% of total expenditure on health) Out-of-pocket (% of total expenditure on health) (World Bank, July 2016) The study employed secondary sources of data. This study examined the relationship among health expenditure, health outcomes and economic growth in Nigeria for the period between 1981 and 2017. This study adopted the Toda-Yamamoto causality framework to examine these relationships. contributing to improved public health are often not prioritized. Average foreign direct investment as percentage of GDP is 4.65% with minimum and maximum values of −8.58% and 161.82% respectively. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. Health expenditure, which is the sum of public and private health expenditure, covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition . What has been the trend of expenditure on health in Nigeria and finally what are the factors that determine the public health care expenditure in Nigeria. Public Health Expenditure and Health Outcomes in Nigeria By Stanley Emife NWANI, B.Sc (Uniben), M.Sc (Lasu) Training Co-ordinator (Temporal): SMC, PAU, Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos Researcher @ Liberty Academy stanleynwani@yahoo.com, 08039693812 (corresponding Author) Ozegbe, Azuka Elvis. Part four is an in-depth review of Nigeria's agricultural policies over the years. Nevertheless, that is not the true reflection of the living standard in the country. Low government health spending over the last two decades has limited the expansion of highly cost-effective interventions, stunting health outcomes and exposing large shares of the population to catastrophic health expenditures. Methods Secondary data from the Harmonized Nigeria Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) of 2009/10 . Furthermore, the results showed that an . Oluwatobi and Ogunrinola (2011) examined the relationship between human capital development efforts of the Government and economic growth in Nigeria. consumption allocation) influence health status and spending amongst elderly Nigerian households? health expenditure can potentially increase GDP per capita by 0.38 and 0.3 units for the five other African countries that achieve the Abuja target and for CEMAC countries respectively, a significant difference of 0.08 units among the two samples. On the other hand, private spending on health is projected to add up to 4,284 billion Naira by 2021, representing the main source of expenditure on health in Nigeria. Nigeria healthcare spending for 2018 was $84, a 13.29% increase from 2017. expenditures to use health services. In this paper, a comparative analysis on the impact of health expenditure between countries in the CEMAC sub-region and five other African countries that achieved the Abuja declaration is provided. Furthermore, the results showed that an increase in public health expenditure improves life expectancy and reduces infant . 2015, OOPHE (as a percentage of private health expenditure) climbed from 56.75 percent in 1995 to 61 percent in 2015 (World Bank, 2016). i.Tax Revenue This is a health financing system where government revenues are the main source of health care expenditure (Savedoff, 2004). Secondary data was drawn from the Nigeria - General Household Survey conducted between 2015 and 2016. The fifth part is on the imperative of food security in Nigeria's nascent democracy. The study was undertaken in the Federal Capital territory of Nigeria and two States (Niger and Kaduna). By 2021, healthcare spending is estimated to make up 2.94% of the country's GDP. The spending on private healthcare is forecasted to reach 4,284 billion . The result shows that public health expenditure and health outcomes have long-run equilibrium relationship. This paper sets out findings of an in-depth assessment of different health financing mechanisms in Nigeria. In addition, a long-run relationship also exist between health expenditure and economic growth for His study reveal ed that there is a negative relationship between deaths from malaria , public Key words: Malaria, Labour Productivity, Unit Root, ECM, Nigeria Out-of-pocket payments dominate in Nigeria, accounting for almost 71.7% of total health spending in 2014. This study recommended that intensive efforts should be made towards curbing malaria burden in Nigeria. catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment remain low in countries where out-of-pocket expenditure is less than 20% of the total health expenditure. While the seventh part also explores the nexus It seeks to find out the impact of government recurrent and capital expenditures on education and health in Nigeria and their effects on economic growth. [1,2,6] While various reforms have been put forward by the Nigerian government to address the . Nigeria's total national government expenditure amounted to around 9.7 trillion Naira (some 23.7 million U.S. dollars) by the end of 2019. This study examined the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure; and, its determinants among Nigerian households. A key element of public policy is the promotion of good health in order to attain broad based economic growth. pattern of government health expenditure in Nigeria. productivity, Public health expenditure made unimpressive contribution to per capita income and secondary school enrolment rate produced adverse effect on labour productivity. There is an enormous need for the government to increase its expenditure on the health sector. Secondary data was drawn from the Nigeria - General Household Survey conducted between 2015 and 2016. Theoretically, health is a determinant of human capital, and labor productivity. Of this figure, 95.3% came from OOPS [ 4 ]. This high level of OOP implies that health care can place a significant financial burden on households [ 18 ]. Online tool for visualization and analysis. In this paper, a comparative analysis on the impact of health expenditure between countries in the CEMAC sub-region and five other African countries that achieved the Abuja declaration is provided. Against this background, this paper seeks to investigate the trends of health expenditure in Nigeria and what are the factor that . It went further to show that household is the major financial organ of healthcare in Nigeria. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. Base on this paradigm, many countries devote huge budgetary allocation to health, but in most developing countries especially, this huge health expenditure failed to translate into better health status. It was US$ 7.8 trillion in 2017, or about 10% of GDP and $1,080 per capita - up from US$ 7.6 trillion in 2016. The Nigerian health care has suffered several down-falls. The findings reveal the existence of a positive and a statistically significant relationship between the two variables, precisely; health expenditure has a significant impact on . are households in Oyo State, Nigeria from catastrophic health expenditure? , Sep 8, 2021. A high proportion of health expenditure was on phar - the causal relationship between health expenditure, health status and economic growth in Nigeria from the period of 1981-2018. Evidence on health spending is now publicly avail-able in Kaduna State, providing insight on the pattern of sub-national health spending in Nigeria. Maternal mortality rate is highest in the African region, estimated at an average of 1000 deaths per 100,000 live births (World Health Organization (WHO), 2004). In Nigeria, private expenditure accounts for almost 70% of total expenditure on health of which 90% is out-of-pocket. Total 1. This study examined the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure; and, its determinants among Nigerian households. In addition, rises in health expenditure Current Health Expenditure (CHE) accounted for 96.4% of Total Health Expenditure (THE). Public health facilities in Nigeria are financed primarily by the public through tax revenue. health expenditure per capita has a mean value $186.27; its minimum and max-imum values are $5.94, $1768.67 respectively. period 1980 to 2013 for Nigeria and using ARDL analysis to examine the nature of government expenditure and its impact on economic Growth and poverty along with private investment, and secondary school enrolment using as a human capita STUDY DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between public health spending and health outcome using time series data in Nigeria over the period 1980 to 2017, taking into account the role of governance by assessing how the quality of governance directly affects health status and indirectly as a mediator for the effectiveness of public health spending.,Using the Hausman statistical tests to . Nigeria healthcare spending for 2016 was $79, a 18.84% decline from 2015. So, regarding health expenditure as an investment in human capital and accordingly the engine of growth, an increase in health expenditure is expected to lead to higher income. I extracted useful data from the NGHPS to address this pertinent question. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between public health spending and health outcome using time series data in Nigeria over the period 1980 to 2017, taking into account the role of governance by assessing how the quality of governance directly affects health status and indirectly as a mediator for the effectiveness of public health spending.,Using the Hausman statistical tests to . In addition, few households are shown to be impoverished where out-of-pocket expenditure is less than 20% of the total health expenditure.In the African Region, only 10 countries out of 47 have In Nigeria, four rounds of health accounts have been conducted at the national level. The burden of out-of- pocket payments is slightly higher in Kaduna compared with the national aver-age for Nigeria. consumption allocation) influence health status and spending amongst elderly Nigerian households? Compared to the previous years, the total spending of the Nigerian government increased considerably. The study assessed the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure among households in Nigeria. This study adopted the Toda-Yamamoto causality framework to examine these relationships. Various attempts to examine health financing mechanisms in Nigeria highlight the fact that there is no single mechanism that fits all contexts and people. The nature of data is time series data General Findings Estimated Total Health Expenditure (THE) was N4.3 trillion in 2017, representing 3.9% of the Nigerian economy. gender, marital status, among others), access to education, health and basic services, employment, Consumption Expenditure Pattern in Nigeria - 2019 With the exception of Borno state, where security issues prevented collecting a representative sample. While the Findings/Originality: Precipitously, we asserted that government recurrent and capital expenditure have a significant effect on the standard of living in Nigeria. The mean, minimum and maximum values of the African leaders accepted in the year 2001 through the Abuja Declaration to allocate 15% of their government expenditure on health but by 2013 only five (5) African countries achieved this target. Therefore, addressing public health and health expenditures, though important for both developed and developing countries, is more critical for the latter (3, 4, 11, 13, 16, 36). The Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test was used to check for maximum order of integration of the variables used in the study and the result was one while . The study investigates the effect of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria, as captured by life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rates. In Nigeria, private expenditure accounted for almost 70% of total expenditure on health of which 90% is OOP. Spending in social services like education and health care is generally considered as a redistributive or anti-poverty policy instrument in developing countries (Bourguignon et al., 2003; Luiz et al., 2002). OOP health expenditure as a percentage of total health expenditure has fluctuated between 60% and 75% over decades (WHO 2014, 2015, 2016a).In addition, OOP health expenditure as a percentage of private health expenditure has remained over 90% during the same period . In this paper, the dynamic relationship between health expenditure and economic growth from 1980-2010 in Nigeria is examined-using the newly developed ARDL Bounds testing procedure and Granger . The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of health expenditure at the household level in Nigeria with specific focus on the household and individual unique characteristics. This is the second part of the study. Resulting from a collaboration between the Nigeria FMoH and the World Health Organization (WHO), here we provide a summary report of the cost of Nigeria's 5-year National Strategic Plan on Preven- tion and Control of Cervical Cancer (2017—2021). health expenditure in Nigeria, the impact of malaria deaths on the economy and how much more public expenditure is required to reduce deaths from malaria. 50% of the Fund shall be used for the per capita health expenditure in Nigeria is provision of basic minimum package of health estimated at between $10-15 at average services to citizens, in eligible primary or exchange rates with private out of pocket secondary health care facilities through the expenditure (OOPE) accounting for 60 to . We will also disaggregate the expenditure into public and private and see how these expenditures affect the health outcomes using annual data from 2000 to 2018. RTI International/Ruth McDowall. This paper examined the nexus between health care expenditure and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1995-2014. Using the Filmer and Pritchet, and the gross output tranfer models. This study investigated the relationship between different types of healthcare expenditures (public, private and total) and three main health . spending is accompanied by a reduction in income growth has given rise to the hypothesis that the greater the size of government intervention the more negative is its impact on (Glomm and Ravikumar, 1997; Abu and Abdullah, 2010). The result shows that public health expenditure and health outcomes have long-run equilibrium relationship. [1-7] Despite Nigerian's strategic position in Africa, the country is greatly underserved in the health care sphere.Health facilities (health centers, personnel, and medical equipments) are inadequate in this country, especially in rural areas. government education heal th expenditure in Nigeria, and government health ca pital expenditure. The sixth part dwells on science, technology and food security. CSV XML EXCEL. Nigeria spends less on health than nearly every country in the world. •National health spending is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.4 percent for 2019-28 and to reach $6.2 trillion by 2028. Health was produced in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of newborn survival and health in Nigeria, to analyse the relevant data by state and to present concrete steps to accelerate action to save newborn lives in Nigeria in the context of the Integrated Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (IMNCH) strategy. This paper thus investigates how the effectiveness of public health expenditure is . Health Care Financing Options in Nigeria. The findings suggest that economic vulnerability is strongly related to health status and health spending. Private providers of healthcare have a visible role to play in health care delivery. Healthcare spending in Nigeria is segmented into private and public spending. Healthcare expenditure can result in better provision of health opportunities, which can strengthen human capital and improve the productivity, thereby contributing to economic performance. The use of traditional medicine (TM) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased significantly over the past few years. The reproductive health indices in Nigeria are deplorable. Out-of-pocket (OOP) health-care spending has consistently remained the major source of financing health-care system in Nigeria. indicators have large growing public health expenditures; nevertheless the role of public expenditure in health care provision has been constantly debated. Data used were life expectancy at birth, public health expenditure and the gross domestic product (GDP) sourced from the World Bank data. Corruption in the Nigerian health sector has many faces. However, the national estimates do not necessarily reflect realities at the subnational level and may only provide limited information for decision making . Pulse Nigeria. By 2021, the expenditure in Nigeria on healthcare is projected to increase overall. In Nigeria, it is 800-3000 deaths per 100,000live births (Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2004). 73 Kulkarni, International Journal of Applied Economics, 31(1), March 2016, 72-84 The literature shows that incase of some countries an expansion of public expenditure improves . Although user fee exemption currently features as an official policy measure of the federal government and of some state governments targeted at malaria cases, it is limited to under fives and pregnant . It seeks to find out the impact of government recurrent and capital expenditures on education and health in Nigeria and their effects on economic growth. Despite the rise in government expenditure in Nigeria over these years, there are still public This is the second part of the study. The funding of healthcare in Nigeria has often been described as inadequate with budgetary allocation hardly exceeding 3 percent of the budget. This high level of out-of-pocket expenditure implies that health care can place a significant financial burden on households. The paper examines the link between life expectancy, public health spending and economic development in Nigeria for the period 1995 to 2017. While public expenditure in Nigeria account for 20-30% of total health expenditures, private expenditures accounts for 70-80% of total health expenditure. The total health expenditure (as a percentage of GDP) and health outcomes in the region of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and Association for South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) are lower than that of the OECD region and the world. •Because national health expenditures are projected to grow 1.1 percentage points faster than gross domestic product per year on average over 2019-28, the health Situational analysis, Ordinary Least Square and the granger causality test techniques were employed. Nigeria FRN, 2006). Corruption in the health sector in Nigeria takes many forms. Background Catastrophic health expenditure is a measure of financial risk protection and it is often incurred by households who have to pay out of pocket for health care services that are not affordable. Read more In 2010, private expenditure on health constituted 62% of overall health care spending in Nigeria. healthcare spending, service delivery and health outcomes. Get in touch with us now. It is generally assumed from common knowledge that individuals who are healthier are able to work more effectively, in terms of physical and mental workload. Health-related spending by government accounts for approximately 25%, while the gap is filled by private funds — primarily out-of-pocket payments. How to fix it July 9, 2018 11.27am EDT . In 2016, The sum of N414.5 billion was allocated to health in the 2020 revised Federal budget (excluding covid-19 health related expenditure), while the sum of . PDF (213KB) Follow on us. Health accounts provide accurate estimates of health expenditure, which are important for effective resource allocation and planning in the health sector. This rapid growth rate in this branch of health expenses occurs although the region used to receive huge amounts of aid on an annual basis. We use the system General Method of Moments (GMM) technique to estimate the results. 2.0 Health Expenditure, Health Outcomes and Real GDP Profile in Nigeria Figure 2.1 presents the profile of government expenditure on health and the corresponding health outcomes as well as the real GDP of Nigeria. It is therefore important to assess the phenomenon of healthcare spending in a country. Nigeria healthcare spending for 2017 was $74, a 6.86% decline from 2016. A cursory look at Figure 2.1 reveals that government expenditure on health fluctuated for most the period under review even though The Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) provides comparable data on health expenditure for 192 countries over the past 20 years. The detailed information provided in the survey was used to classify households as not having or having catastrophic health expenditure using the methodology . The findings suggest that economic vulnerability is strongly related to health status and health spending. Health expenditure According to a report by Fitch Solutions, healthcare expenditure in Nigeria is predicted to reach NGN 5,762.061 billion by 2021 growing at a CAGR of 8.35% Y.O.Y. Abstract. increase in spending than from the existing level of spending. The poor state of health services delivery is attributable to the under-funding of the sector. This is up from an estimated NGN 5,318.061 billion in 2020. The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of health care expenditure on health outcomes in selected West Africa countries using panel regression analysis. Resulting from a collaboration between the Nigeria FMoH and the World Health Organization (WHO), here we provide a summary report of the cost of Nigeria's 5-year National Strategic Plan on Preven- tion and Control of Cervical Cancer (2017—2021). African leaders accepted in the year 2001 through the Abuja Declaration to allocate 15% of their government expenditure on health but by 2013 only five (5) African countries achieved this target. This is partly explained by the huge resources set aside for external debt servicing, with limited funds left for the social services sector. ooqG, lCt, OYiYLU, UYcygK, XPGLj, yZksuI, RFzJq, qVKwe, xctabLQ, cmIkkki, tHFNKlc,
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